Chronological History of the Japanese Canadian Internment

Prior to 1941 many acts of violence and prejudice were documented against Japanese Canadians, predominantly along the west coast of Canada:

1885

Racism against Asians led the BC government to ban Japanese Canadians from voting in provincial elections

1900

Tomekichi Homma fights the BC government in court for the right to vote in provincial elections. The supreme Court rules in Mr. Homma's favour however, the highest court in Britain overruled the verdict

1907

Anti-Asian riot in Vancouver

1920

Parliament changes the federal election law allowing Japanese Canadians to vote in federal elections, however, BC parliament still will not allow Japanese Canadians the right to vote

These acts support the premise that the attack on Peal Harbour at the beginning of the Second Word War was simply an excuse to rid the west coast of Canada of any persons of Japanese descent.

David Suzuki: "There was a lot of fear [of] the Japanese…there were a lot of people who resented their abilities as farmers and fishermen and saw an opportunity to get rid of this threat… There has always been a tradition of racism towards Asians in British Columbia…"

The Internment of the Japanese Canadians

1941

Dec 7

Pearl Harbor (a US naval yard) is attacked by Japan.

Dec 8

Canada declares war on Japan. Prime Minister Mackenzie King invokes the War Measures Act. Under the guise of national security, The Royal Canadian Navy impounds 1,200 Japanese Canadian fishing boats. Japanese language schools and newspapers are closed down.

Dec 16

All persons of Japanese descent living in Canada are required to register as enemy aliens.

1942

Feb 16

All male enemy aliens between the ages of 18-45 are forced to leave the coastal area before April 1. Most are sent to work in road camps. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) enforce these relocations.

Mar 4

The British Columbia Security Commission (BCSC) is established to oversee the relocation of all Japanese Canadians away from the west coast of Canada

Mar 16

Japanese Canadian women and children are forced to leave their homes by the RCMP. The women and children are delivered to Hastings Park in Vancouver, to live in livestock stalls

Mar 25

British Columbia Security Commission begins moving women/children to "ghost town" detention camps. Twenty-five camps are designated: Slocan, West Denver, Lemon Creek, Tashme, etc. The housing in these camps are poorly constructed tar paper shacks, or tents, with no running water. The food quality is poor. Alternatively, some 3,900 women and children are sent to work on sugar beet farms in the Prairies under harsh conditions.

1943

Jan 23

Order in Council grants the government the right to sell, without consent, all properties owned by Japanese Canadians. The monies received from the forced sale of farms, homes, and businesses are held in "protective care." The government confiscates all of the monies from these sales.

Feb 5

The British Columbia Security Commission is dissolved. Authority and responsibility for managing Japanese internment is transferred to the Department of Labour.

1944

Aug 4

Prime Minister King announces the official policy that Japanese Canadians are to be dispersed across Canada or repatriated to Japan.

1945

Jan- March

Repatriation (deportation) surveys are forced on internees. Nearly 4,000 Japanese Canadians are sent to Japan, over half of whom were Canadian citizens. Japanese Canadians who refuse to be deported continue to be held in internment camps.

Sept 2

Japan surrenders and WWII ends. German and Italian POWs are sent back to their own countries. All Japanese Canadians in Canada remain incarcerated in Internment camps, German POW camps, and labour camps across the country.

1945-1949

Japanese Canadians continue to be held as prisoners in internment camps and German POW camps and labour camps across Canada. German POWs and Italian POWs are released and sent back to their respective countries.

1949

Apr 1

Japanese Canadians are released and allowed to return to the "protected zone" off the BC coast. They are granted freedom of movement but their property, homes, and businesses are not returned. It is estimated that the government and undisclosed business owners accumulated millions of dollars from the internment of the Japanese Canadians. The Japanese Canadian internees leave the camps desolate and impoverished.

In the United States, American Japanese were also interned in camps during the duration of the war, however, at the conclusion of the war, all properties, homes, businesses and bank accounts were returned to the Japanese American internees when they were released.

1988

August 10

President Ronald Regan issues an apology to the Japanese Americans interned during the war and $20,000 is offered to each surviving internee as restitution.

Sept 22

Prime Minister Brian Mulroney issues a formal apology to the Japanese Canadians interned during and after the war. Since the Canadian government did not return any of the properties, homes, businesses and bank accounts to the Japanese Canadian internees, the Canadian government offers the internees more monies than the American Japanese receive. The government grants $21,000 to each surviving internee- $1000 dollars more than the American Japanese were compensated.

Resources:

Map of the Internment Camps

As part of his research for his PhD, Dr. Michael O'Hagen, created a map all of the POW internment camps and labour projects built in Canada during the Second World War. (Although Dr. Hagen's research focused on the German POW's the camps are the same).

Click on the link below to view the map created by Dr. O'Hagen. Neys, also known as Camp 100) can be found on the northern shore of Lake Superior.

https://powsincanada.ca/2024/03/07/an-update/